Wednesday, November 4, 2015

Широким признанием во многих западноевропейских странах и особенно в США пользуется инфантильно-сексуальная теория неврозов венского психопатолога Freud. Согласно этой теории, в раннем детском возра¬сте— обычно в первые 3 года жизни и никогда не позже 5-го года — у ребенка появляется ряд влечений, которые не кажутся ему недозволенными или запретными. Эти влечения носят сексуальный характер, например, поло¬вое влечение девочки к отцу, мальчика к матери (эдиповский комплекс1), аутоэротические влечения (мастур¬бация, нарциссизм и др.), гомосексуальные влечения и т. п. В процессе воспитания ребенок, по мнению Freud, узнает о запретности всех этих влечений, и они подавля¬ются. Даже сама мысль об их существовании становит¬ся недопустимой, неприемлемой из-за несовместимости ее с высшими понятиями о приличии. Она не допуска¬ется до сознания, вытесняется в «бессознательное» и подвергается амнезии. Силы, ведущие к подавлению этих влечений, недопущению их отражения в сознании, Freud обозначил термином «цензура», а сам процесс подавления этих влечений — «вытеснением». Пережива¬ния, которые оказались вытесненными в «бессознатель¬ное», получили название «комплексов». Если последую¬щие переживания усилят эти комплексы, тогда, по мне¬нию Freud, может возникнуть заболевание неврозом1. В норме энергия вытесняемого сексуального влечения по Freud переводится (сублимируется) в допускаемые «цензурой» виды деятельности, например занятие бла-готворительностью, искусством, наукой, религией. Если же этот процесс оказывается нарушенным, то аффектив¬но заряженные комплексы могут оторваться от перво¬начально породивших их переживаний и присоединить¬ся к каким-либо, до того нейтральным, представлениям или психическим актам, находя в них свое символиче¬ское выражение. Комплексные представления, связан¬ные с мужским половым органом, могут обнаружиться в сознании в виде страха перед змеей, ставшей симво¬лом представления об этом органе; вытесненный «аутоэротический комплекс» и связанная с ним повышенная любовь к себе могут привести при попадании в военную обстановку к возникновению «военного невроза» с чув¬ством страха за свою жизнь, скрытые «гомосексуальные комплексы» к тяжелому хроническому алкоголизму. В результате может возникнуть явление навязчиво¬сти, какой-либо истерический симптом или патологиче¬ское влечение. Случаи, когда «вытесненный комплекс присоединяется к симптому соматическому», обознача¬ются Freud термином «конверсия» («конверсионная ис¬терия»). Причина болезни, по Freud, таким образом таится в комплексных переживаниях, возникших в ран¬нем детском возрасте. Она долго может оставаться скры¬той, например чувство отвращения, возникшее в связи с половым влечением к отцу, может не обнаруживаться долгие годы. Во время неудачного замужества подав¬ляемое чувство отвращения к мужу может усилить влечение к отцу и привести к появлению истерической рвоты, символически отражающей отвращение. Исходи из этой теории, Freud предложил свой метод лечения неврозов — психоанализ, основанный на вос¬становлении в памяти — «вскрытии» — сексуальных пе¬реживаний детского возраста (инфантильно-сексуаль¬ных комплексов), якобы являющихся причиной невро¬зов. Для выявления этих комплексов высказывания больного (свободные ассоциации, воспоминания, снови¬дения) подвергаются специальному истолкованию при помощи особого кода сексуальной символики, разрабо¬танного Freud. В целом созданная Freud теория неврозов является ошибочной. Ее основное исходное положение — призна¬ние «инфантильных сексуальных комплексов» в качестве универсальной причины болезни — является недоказан¬ным и основанным на произвольном, порой фантастиче¬ском, толковании фактов. Положительной стороной в работах Freud, как указывалось нами на Всесоюзном совещании по философским вопросам физиологии выс¬шей нервной деятельности и психологии в Москве (1963), являлось то, что они привлекли внимание науки к вопросу о влиянии влечений на психические процессы, а также проблеме бессознательного; показали некоторые конкретные проявления «бессознательного», например влияние ею на описки, оговорки, отдельные невротиче¬ские симптомы; указали на роль конфликтов между «долгом и желанием» в возникновении неврозов; отме¬тили явления сублимации сексуальной энергии, вытес¬нения переживаний (лежащие, например, в основе исте¬рических амнезий), выдвинули принцип аналитической терапии, т. е. лечения путем выявления неосознаваемых больным переживаний. Отрицая инфантильно-сексуаль¬ную теорию неврозов, мы тем самым отвергаем и соз¬данный Freud метод лечения—психоанализ, основан¬ный на выявлении мифических подсознательных сексу¬альных комплексов. Большинство врачей-психоаналитиков считают психо¬анализ эффективным методом лечения. Так, Еу, Bernard и Brisset во французском руководстве по психиатрии приводят данные Night о том, что при лечении больных неврозами этим методом не менее 6 месяцев выздоров¬ление или значительное улучшение наблюдается в 63,2% случаев, в том числе у 46% (подсчет наш. - А. С) боль¬ных неврозом навязчивых состояний. Однако, ряд авто¬ров отрицают его эффективность. То, что в некоторых случаях в результате лечения этим методом устраняет¬ся болезненный симптом, еще совсем не доказывает его инфантильно-сексуальный генез. По всей вероятности, это объясняется длительно и систематически проводи¬мым сопутствующим психоанализу внушением или убеж¬дением. Когда болезненный симптом поддается устране¬нию убеждением, это еще не говорит о правильности того, в чем убеждали больного. Об этом свидетельству¬ют случаи исцеления больных шаманами и знахарями. Несомненно, что у человека могут иметься неосозна¬ваемые комплексные переживания. С физиологической точки зрения, их можно рассматривать как очаги пато-логического инертного возбуждения, более или менее изолированные от остальной коры вследствие отрица¬тельной индукции вокруг очага или индукционных влия¬ний со стороны других участков коры (комплексы). Они могут оказывать влияние на психические процессы, при¬водя, например, к амнезии некоторых событий, опискам, оговоркам, замедлению времени ответной реакции при словесном эксперименте и т. п., а также могут обнаруживаться в сновидениях, галлюцинаторных, бредовых и навязчивых переживаниях. Существование таких комп¬лексов не дает оснований для утверждения их инфан¬тильно-сексуального генеза и построения приведенной выше теории, как это делал Freud. Созданный Freud психоанализ не ведет к выявлению и ликвидации реально существующих комплексов. Это достигается, как будет сказано ниже, путем каузаль¬ной психотерапии, которая в отличие от психоанализа стремится выявить действительно имевшиеся в жизни больного психотравмирующие переживания, ставшие неосознанными и приведшие к возникновению заболева¬ния. Для этого она использует метод обычно применяе¬мого в клинике детального расспроса больного о его жизни и переживаниях, иногда о его сновидениях, изу¬чает его ассоциативную деятельность. Психоанализ же, приписывает больному переживания, которых у него не было, и не приводит к выявлению истинной причины болезни. Один из ближайших учеников Freud — венский пси¬хиатр Adler, отрицая роль полового влечения в этиоло¬гии неврозов, полагал, что в основе их лежит конфликт между стремлением к могуществу и чувством собствен¬ной неполноценности (конфликт влечений «Я» по Freud). Ребенку, по Adler, свойственно, с одной стороны, стремление к власти, с другой — чувство своей неполно¬ценности, которое он пытается изжить разными спосо¬бами— то прямым протестом, грубостью, упрямством, то послушанием, прилежанием — и таким образом за¬воевать признание окружающих. Характерно при этом и стремление к «сверхкомпенсации» — заикающийся Де¬мосфен становится великим оратором, парализован¬ный— великим полководцем, нуждающийся в само¬утверждении мужского достоинства — Дон Жуаном, стремящимся ко все новым и новым победам над жен-щинами. Невроз, по мнению Adler, не болезнь, а лишь опреде¬ленный способ изжития чувства собственной неполно¬ценности и завоевания положения в обществе. Итак, хотя в результате проведенных исследований удалось вскрыть многие стороны патогенеза неврозов, внутриклеточные биохимические, молекулярные измене¬ния, лежащие в основе болезни, остались до сих пор не¬раскрытыми. Это задача будущего. ( А. М. Свядощ НЕВРОЗЫ И ИХ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ Издание второе, переработанное и дополненное ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО «МЕДИЦИНА» • МОСКВА• 1971 )

Saturday, April 25, 2015

Anti-Anxiety Supplements List and More

If you're willing to try alt.med approaches, I found some pretty interesting stuff in this thread.

It lists 29 different supplements, herbs, and medications that the author claims have helped him to eliminate entirely a severe anxiety problem. He says that the three most effective are n-acetyl-glucosamine, flaxseed oil, and turmeric. What I have isn't (as far as anyone can tell) primarily an anxiety disorder, but I am tense and restless constantly and I get a lot of headaches. For this set of symptoms, I've tried just about everything under the sun: Valium, Xanax, anti-depressants, Kava Kava, magnesium, Flexeril, Baclofen, St. John's Wort, Taurine, GABA, hydrocodone, oxycodone, piracetam, and probably three dozen others. When I had surgery a few years ago, they gave me midazolam before and morphine after. I mean, I've tried everything and the best I've ever managed was to make a temporary dent. So I tried the n-acetyl- glucosamine and, honestly, nothing has ever relaxed me so much. It's pretty amazing. The effects, unfortunately, wear off very quickly. And I find that it screws with my appetite something fierce, probably because it's a sugar and I can't tolerate anything even a tiny bit sweet. But I have enormous faith in the ability of this stuff to turn down
 the dial on the central nervous system.

http://ask.metafilter.com/270593/Effective-substitute-for-Valium

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  1. I had hellish, unrelenting generalized anxiety disorder for several years, and, having tried hundreds of supplements (as well as SSRI drugs and TCA drugs) in my frantic efforts to treat it, I recently found 3 supplements that seem to pretty much eliminate my anxiety!

    • The first and most potent anti-anxiety supplement is N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG), taken at a dose of 1000 mg twice daily (not be confused with glucosamine sulfate, which will not work for this purpose). Note that NAG is shellfish derived.

    • The second most potent is flaxseed oil, one level tablespoon (15 ml) daily. Note that you want flaxseed oil, not flaxseeds.

    • The third is the herb turmeric, at a dose of 1000 mg twice daily. Turmeric contains 3% curcumin, and many other active ingredients including: demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, tumerone, atlantone, and zingiberone. This herb can be bought cheaply as turmeric powder for cooking. 1000 mg equates to just under one level teaspoon of powder.​

    My anxiety was so severe that on bad days it would often border on mild psychosis. So it is quite amazing that just by taking these 3 supplements together, I have pretty much eliminated my anxiety disorder symptoms. OK, I still have chronic fatigue syndrome, but ditching the anxiety is a great improvement.


    Anti-Anxiety Effects — Mechanism of Action

    It is not entirely clear why these 3 supplements work so well for me. They are all anti-inflammatories, and they may work by reducing inflammation in the brain. Recent research has shown that brain inflammation can cause many mental symptoms, including anxiety symptoms, depression, ADHD, and many others. So the anti-inflammatory properties of these supplements may be the mechanism by which they eliminate anxiety.

    On a similar note: on days when my sinusitis was worse, my anxiety levels would shoot up. My theory is that in some people, sinus inflammation may be a prime factor causing anxiety symptoms. Perhaps inflammatory cytokines in the sinuses spill over into the brain (the brain is situated just next to the sinuses), precipitating brain inflammation, which in turn leads to the anxiety symptoms. I observed that that N-acetyl-glucosamine dramatically reduced my sinus inflammation, and so this may be the mechanism by which N-acetyl-glucosamine eliminates anxiety symptoms.

    Another consideration is that these 3 supplements are all useful for irritable bowel syndrome (which I have), and it may be that their anti-inflammatory action in the gut helps lower overall body inflammation, which can help lower brain inflammation.

    By reducing the inflammation causing your anxiety symptoms, you are treating the very source of anxiety, biochemical speaking.


    Further Info

    The full list of 29 supplements and drugs that, by trial and error, I found had a useful anti-anxiety effect on me is given here:

    http://chronicsorethroat.wordpress.com/site-map/treatments/#anti-anxiety-treatments

    The most potent anti-anxiety medications I placed at the top of the list (N-acetyl-glucosamine being the strongest, at least for me). I literally tested hundreds of supplements for their anti-anxiety effects, and this list only contains the medications that worked for me. And from the feedback I received, it seems that these supplements are often very effective for others too.


    Being "Wired" Related to Anxiety?

    I have the impression that the "wired" feeling in ME/CFS patients is related to anxiety. Feeling wired (as in "wired but tired") may be a mild version of anxiety, or be related to anxiety. I certainly find that I never feel wired when I take these anti-anxiety supplements. So these anti-anxiety supplements may also help people eliminate the "wired" state of ME/CFS.


    Update February 2015:

    People often ask me the question: "Are you still taking these anti-anxiety supplements, and are they still working?" The answer is yes: they are still working well, even after three years, and in fact if I stop taking these supplements, although there are no withdrawal symptoms as such, I notice that my anxiety soon returns, within days. So this indicates the supplements are still effective.

    On this thread over the last few years there has been a lot of feedback from people trying this NAG / flaxseed oil / turmeric combination to treat their generalized anxiety disorder: roughly around 50% report very good or excellent results, but equally the other 50% say that this combo did nothing at all for them.
    Last edited: Wednesday at 1:32 PM
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  2. Hip

    HipSenior Member

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    Actually, let me post my full list of 29 anti-anxiety supplements and drugs in this thread.

    Note that if for any reason one or more of the top three supplements do not work for you, then substitute them with another medication from this list. It can take a little trial and error before you find the supplements that work best for you. If your anxiety is severe, then you may want to add additional supplements anyway.

    Anti-Anxiety Supplements List

    The most potent anti-anxiety supplements are those towards the top of the list:

    • N-acetyl-glucosamine 1000 mg twice daily (the most potent anti-anxiety treatment)
    • Flaxseed oil 1 tablespoon (15 ml) of this oil daily (taking more may cause diarrhea)
    • Turmeric 1000 mg twice daily (not to be confused with curcumin)
    • Very low dose amisulpride 12.5 to 25 mg daily (more info on this effective drug here)
    • Arginine pyroglutamate 1 heaped teaspoon (5 grams) twice daily
    • Taurine 2 to 4 grams when needed (fast acting; best to use short term for a day or two)
    • Citrulline malate 3 grams twice daily
    • Vinpocetine 10 mg daily (take with food)
    • Vitamin A 25,000 IU daily


    • Saccharomyces boulardii yeast probiotic 3 capsules daily
    • Jarro-Dophilus EPS probiotic 5 capsules daily
    • Inulin (prebiotic) 3 heaped teaspoons daily (more info on prebiotics here)
    • Inositol powder 2 heaped teaspoons (15 grams) daily
    • Choline bitartrate 500 to 1000 mg once or twice daily (treats social anxiety well)

    • Aloe vera juice 1 tablespoon (15 ml) twice daily
    • Transdermal magnesium cream applied to skin once or twice daily (how to easily and cheaply make your own magnesium cream described here)
    • Horsetail herb extract 600 mg daily (contains 10 mg of silica)
    • Evening primrose oil 5 ml (4000 mg) twice daily

    • Pregnenolone 25 to 50 mg daily
    • Propolis 4000 mg twice daily (but don't take before bed, as it may keep you awake)
    • Curcumin 1000 mg once daily
    • Terminalia chebula herb 1500 mg twice daily
    • Grape seed extract 500 mg once daily

    • Acetyl-L-carnitine 500 mg twice daily
    • L-carnitine 1000 mg twice daily
    • Bacopa monnieri herb 1 to 2 grams daily
    • Phosphatidylserine 400 mg once or twice daily (works best with omega 3 oil)
    • Cetirizine (Zyrtec) or loratadine 10 mg daily (antihistamines have anti-anxiety effects)
    • Piracetam 1000 mg has an anti-anxiety effect, especially in combination with choline bitartrate

    Note: the horsetail herb extract fights kidney infections; if you have a chronic kidney infection, the inflammation can lead to anxiety symptoms.

    The supplement N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) may not be advisable in Lyme disease, since NAG can feed the bacteria.



    Anti-Anxiety Supplements and Drugs That Also Have Anti-Psychosis Effects

    It is known that mild psychosis can manifest in people who have severe anxiety disorder. This is sometimes calledanxiety psychosis. Along with my severe anxiety levels, I often experienced psychosis symptoms (thankfully relatively mild psychosis), especially on days when my anxiety was more severe than usual.

    Psychosis is defined as a loss of contact with reality (involving confused or disorganized thoughts, lack of self-awarenes, lack of insight, unwarranted suspiciousness, paranoia, false beliefs).

    Fortunately, I found that certain specific supplements had both anti-anxiety and anti-psychosis effects, and these were very useful for me. The supplements that I found reduced both my anxiety and psychosis symptom are these (listed in approximate order of efficacy):

    N-acetyl-glucosamine 1000 mg (or more) twice daily — the best.
    Amisulpride in very low doses 12.5 to 50 mg daily — also excellent. At much higher doses this drug is an antipsychotic, so it is not surprising it helps to reduce psychosis even at very low doses.
    Flaxseed oil one level tablespoon (15 ml) daily (more may cause diarrhea).
    Vitamin C powder 3 grams in a glass of water, taken three times daily — much cheaper if you buy in bulk powder.
    Phosphatidylserine 400 mg once or twice daily (works best with omega 3 oil) — much cheaper if you buy in bulk powder.
    Niacinamide (a form of vitamin B3) 1000 mg twice daily (though I found higher levels of niacinamide may cause some slight emotional blunting, but this side effect will probably not occur in other people).


    Note: you do not have to read this whole thread if you think you may want to experiment with these supplements. You can just choose some supplements, and try them out. It generally requires several supplements taken in combination to get a strong anti-anxiety effect.
    Last edited: May 25, 2014
    robinsonsbLotus97 and merylg like this.
  3. taniaaust1

    taniaaust1

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    Feeling wired can coexist with anxiety..but Ive found it to not always be the case at all.

    I can get into this wired but tired but still very happy state at times.. like im on some kind of happy wired drug high. (which also at times can feel like if I'd had a massive boost of caffiene). Ever seen a child who on staying up too late goes all crazy and silly.. starts running about a room making noises or whatever (not all get cracky when over tired and gone into wired, it can be more like a child who's had too much red food colouring and has all this energy which one just cant get out). That's how I sometimes feel...with no negative emotions connected to it.

    Other times (it all depends on if I have had anxiety or not as part of my recent ME/CFS symptoms) being wired will increase the anxiety I had at the time. (what im saying.. as if it wasnt there already a bit of anxeity there already, I dont get anxiety with being wired.. wired just intensifies anxiety if its already there).

    for myself.. feeling wired occassionally, can be an enjoyable state to be in (as can be very useful as it makes me feel more energy to go and do things which in turn..knowing im doing things without having to push myself is pleasurable, thou the crash from it later can suck).

    It is annoying thou if one is wired right before bed..or at other incovenient times...(in those causes it can lead to anxiety esp all if one really wants to do is go to bed and actually sleep).
    .....

    Great post thou with all those anti anxiety ideas.
    aimossy likes this.
  4. Hip

    HipSenior Member

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    One theory I have is that the "wired" feeling in ME/CFS might come from overall brain inflammation — particularly from the brain's microglia cells, activated as part of the inflammatory response, and pumping out lots of glutamate (as they do when they are activated). Glutamate acts as a powerful excitotoxic stimulant in the brain, as it stimulates the NMDA receptors.

    So that's an idea I had about the cause of the "wired" feeling: the brain's NMDA receptors overstimulated by the glutamate released by chronically activated microglia during inflammation. One study in Japan did find that microglia are activated in ME/CFS patients.

    Perhaps anxiety only arises when this glutamate overstimulation specifically occurs in the amygdala, which is the main area of the brain responsible for mediating anxiety. If the glutamate overstimulation happens in other areas of the brain, then maybe different mental symptoms arise, but not anxiety.

    This might explain why sinus inflammation is often linked to anxiety: the sinus cavities lie very close to the amygdala, so inflammation occurring in the sinuses might conceivably precipitate inflammation in the nearby amygdala, causing the amygdala's microglia to activate and pump out glutamate, leading to amygdala overstimulation, and anxiety.
    Last edited: Jan 1, 2015
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  5. Sasha

    SashaFine, thank you

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    Hi Hip - I'm really pleased to hear that you've got rid of your severe anxiety. That must be a huge relief.

    I have just started getting treatment for chronic sinusitis and am very interested in whether the anti-inflammatories that you mention might help with that. I don't want to hijack your thread so I've started another one specifically on that topic if anyone would like to comment.
  6. gu3vara

    gu3varaSenior Member

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    Then I guess LDN is a good choice for anxiety as it decreases activation of microglia in the brain. I've been feeling less wired since I'm on it. (Though I added manganese afterward and it caused me to be more agitated, but in a different way).
    aimossy likes this.
  7. globalpilot

    globalpilotSenior Member

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    I'm glad to hear you got relief from that horrible anxiety.
    I listen to all the DAN! talks (extremely useful) and Dr. Mary Megson said one time that inflammation in the gut goes everywhere, including the brain.
    She didn't provide a reason why or any proof but it is intriguing.
    aimossy likes this.
  8. nanonug

    nanonugSenior Member

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    Have a look at this, maybe it rings a bell (particularly table 3):
    Mast cell activation disease: a concise practical guide for diagnostic workup and therapeutic options.

    Given that you have gastrointestinal issues, I think it would probably be worth giving cromolyn sodium (GastroCrom in the US) a try...
  9. Lala

    LalaSenior Member

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    Hi hip, thank you for all this info, I am glad you improved so much. I just started NAG today. How long does NAG take to start working? Also which brand do you use? I have Jarrow NAG 750mg.
  10. globalpilot

    globalpilotSenior Member

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  11. maryb

    marybiherb code TAK122

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    Hip really good news that you've found supplements that've helped you. Must admit not heard of 
    N-acetylglucosamine, looks quite interesting from the read up. 
    Can anyone explain what the N-acetyl means?

    I did try N-acetylcysteine (NAC) a couple of times which was disastrous, and to boot didn't realise you shouldn't take it if you have amalgams - double whammy. Which has absolutely nothing to do with the above:)
  12. adreno

    adrenoon the beach

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    Haven't felt anything from NAG. Curcumin and Holy Basil, on the other hand, has an anxiolytic effect on me.
  13. adreno

    adrenoon the beach

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    It simply means that the compound is acetylated.
  14. Sparrow

    SparrowSenior Member

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    I think a gut connection is certainly possible. There are so many similarities and overlap in neurotransmitters, etc. between the digestive tract and the brain.

    I know that for me personally, when I accidentally triggered some major gut issues with a supplement, my mood went haywire. Evened out again when my gut did.
  15. nanonug

    nanonugSenior Member

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    I was replying to you, globalpilot...
  16. globalpilot

    globalpilotSenior Member

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    I actually did do a trial of this years ago. It didn't do anything for me but it certainly would be worth considering for others with gut problems. Maybe a new post with this info would reach more people. It's buried here deep in the thread.

    Sparrow - I had a complete resolution of symptoms on a very strict diet years ago. I have always thought there is an overgrowth and I've been addressing that with good success finally after trying many approaches. My doctor thought it was allergies.
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  17. Hip

    HipSenior Member

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    Thanks nanonug, I am going to look into that. I understand that mast cell activation is associated with IBS, but I had not heard that there was a way to treat this, in the form of cromolyn sodium.
  18. Hip

    HipSenior Member

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    I find my sinusitis / nasal congestion gets rapidly cleared within an hour or so of taking NAG, and my anxiety levels will reduce in the same time period. It is a very noticeable effect for me. Hopefully it will work for you too.

    The effects of NAG begin to wear of after around 10 - 12 hours, so that is why you need to take another dose later in the day.

    I have just switched to Jarrow NAG 750 mg myself, and I take 2 x 750mg in the morning, and another 750 mg in the evening.

    I usually take NAG, flaxseed oil and turmeric together, as these three make up my anti-anxiety armory, and together more or less eliminate my anxiety symptoms.

    If I want to be super-chilled out, I will take several more of the anti-anxiety supplements in my above list, in addition.
  19. Hip

    HipSenior Member

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    I have seen a number of articles on the general idea that inflammation in the body's peripheries can significantly affect the brain. These three papers are interesting:

    • From inflammation to Sickness and Depression: When the Immune System Subjugates the Brain

    • Cytokines and the Brain: Pathways and Mechanisms for Cytokine Signaling of the Central Nervous System

    • Cytokine, Sickness Behavior, and Depression

    A quote from the second paper: "recent work has demonstrated several routes by which peripheral cytokines can either directly cross the BBB or indirectly signal the brain through other informational substances".

    The third paper talks about how pro-inflammatory cytokines in the body can activate the vagus nerve, and this nerve then signals this activation to the brain, and thereby instigates an inflammatory response in the brain.

    In other words: you could have inflammation in your gut, and the inflammatory cytokines can travel to and precipitate inflammation in the brain, or can precipitate inflammation in the brain by activating the vagus nerve within the gut (the vagus nerve innervates the gut area).

    And I imagine that, if you have inflammation in your sinuses (which are located just millimeters away from the brain), inflammatory cytokines from the sinuses may have a significant inflammatory impact on the brain as well.
    Last edited: Nov 20, 2013
    aimossy likes this.
  20. nanonug

    nanonugSenior Member

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    You may also try ketotifen if you are outside the US.



http://forums.phoenixrising.me/index.php?threads/completely-eliminated-my-severe-anxiety-symptoms-with-three-supplements.18369/